Enemies, as they say, "you need to know by sight. " You need to understand with whom we are dealing. Illiteracy in this case will not give a deduction. Let us equip ourselves with information that can be used in practice for the sake of our health, which will not leave the slightest chance for some parasites to ruin our precious lives.
Parasites - who are they?
Parasites(from Greek parasites - parasites, parasites) - lower organisms of plants and animals that live outside or inside other organisms (hosts) and eat them. Parasites live in our bodies with parallel life, consuming our energy, cells and food, including health products,
that we eat.
There are parasites that spend the rest of their lives in the host body or only part of them; they receive food and shelter from it, without causing any real danger to the body of their host.
A number of parasites irritate the host and affect its function; others destroy host tissue and release certain toxins that cause poor health and the development of various diseases in the host.In the human bodyvarious species can produce parasites: fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms.
Parasitesduring their life through a complex expansion cycle: some have to change several hosts, in which the parasite undergoes intermediate development (the stage of larval development calledworm worms). In the body of the last host, the helminth becomes sexually mature and becomes as dangerous as possible.
Parasites are classified as follows:
- fungus
- virus
- parasitic protozoa
- helminths (worms, worms)
- parasitic crustaceans
- parasite arachnid
- insects (especially blood suckers)
1. Fungus.
These aremicroorganismsthat infect the human body, can settle on the surface of the skin and also on the mucous membranes of internal organs. Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi are calledmycoses. There areskin and nail mycoses(dermatomycosis), as well as internal organ mycoses. Animals are also susceptible to the effects of fungal activity - they can experience body poisoning, due to poisoning with fungicides that affect plant foods (mycotoxicosis). There are different types of mycosis, some people just get sick or just animals, other types of people get infected from animals. Disease-causing fungi cause fungal diseases that are considered infectious diseases.
There are several hundredtypes of fungi, two of which are very dangerous to humans. The first type of fungus -cryptococcus(Cryptococcus neoformans) - causes meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord). Typically, this cryptococcus is spread in bird droppings, and is found in fruits, vegetables, animal milk and soil. The second type of fungus -candida(candida albicans) - causes diaper rash, mucous membrane candidiasis, balanitis, thrush, mycoses, onyxis (nail damage), sores on the lips, paronychia, athlete's foot (toe mycoses), genital fungal infections.Sweets like sweets, mainly eat sugar and starch, but, like any living organism, they need amino acids, vitamins and minerals.
Fungusis a separate civilization, it is a parallel world itself. They can withstand temperatures from -150 to + 150 degrees, they cannot freeze or crumble. Among scholars, there is an opinion that mushrooms are a major world civilization, and they use everything around them for their own purposes (and ours, people too). Mushrooms are white, odorless, remove cheesy from the nose, mouth, wounds, urethra, etc.Mushroomsare white spots on the tongue, baldness and dandruff, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis. If white deposits on the tonsils, then this is a fungal sore throat. Mushrooms do not hurt, itching. Mushrooms are anything that peels, peels, falls, cracks, rises on the skin, becomes a stain, covers the scalp. There is no acute stage of fungal disease, only some are chronic.
2. Virus.
Virusis a non-cellular living thing, it is a micro particle composed of nucleic acids - carriers of genetic information (RNA and / or DNA), outside covered with a protein membrane. Viruses can infect living organisms.Virus, translated from Latin (virus) is a poison. Viruses should not be associated with animals or plants. They are very small, so they can only be studied with an electron microscope. Viruses can live and grow only in the cells of other organisms. Viruses cannot live outside the cells of living organisms, and many of them in the external environment behave like chemicals, indicating the shape of crystals. By settling in the cells of animals and plants, the virus causes many dangerous diseases. Human viral diseases include:herpes, measles, influenza, HIV, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, smallpox.
3. The simplest parasite.
Parotoit protozoa-amoeba, lamblia, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium, as well as malaria plasmodia, leishmania, trypanosomes. Among parasitic protozoa, the most dangerous disease-causing agents and animals are known, especially in the tropics (Malaria, Dysentery). Plasmodium malaria infects human red blood cells, leading to mass reproduction to severe fever attacks, which are fraught with death. Trypanosomes flagellate and Leishmanias are mainly tropical species that, by consuming animal tissue, cause boils, malaise, and in some cases death. Living in the gut, Entamoeba histolytica rhizome is a causative agent of chronic amuba dysentery, which can penetrate into other tissues and kill the host. The flagellated intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia causes severe diarrhea (giardiasis). This species is found in rivers and lakes polluted by human excrement in subtropical and tropical regions. Some parasites, such as the pneumonia-causing species Pneumocystis carinii, may be closer to the fungus than other protozoa.
4. Helminths (worms, worms)
More than 70 species of worms are registered, of which the following types of helminths are more common:
- ringworm (nematodes)- ringworm, cream worm, whip worm, trichinella, toxocara;
- tapeworms (cestodes)- pig and cow tapeworms, dwarf tapeworms, echinococcus, alveococcus, broad tapeworms;
- flatworm (trematoda)- opisthorchiasis (feline fluke), liver fluke, Chinese fluke, pulmonary fluke.
Some of these parasitic helminths are found everywhere, while others are more common in certain areas. For example:
- pinworms and roundwormsare found everywhere in the world;
- whip worms- found everywhere, especially in hot and humid areas in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates.
- Trichinella- in Belarus, Ukraine.
- swine tapeworm- recorded everywhere, more frequently found in Belarus and Ukraine.
- bull tapeworm- available everywhere. Especially in Transcaucasia and Central Asia.
- dwarf tapeworms- occur everywhere, especially in areas with dry and hot climates.
- broad tapeworms- usually choose habitat in areas with a large number of freshwater bodies. Always present in the Baltic, Kazakhstan.
- opisthorchiasis(fluke paint) - the strongest focus recorded in Kazakhstan.
- happiness of heart- everywhere. The outbreak is registered in Transcaucasia, Central Asia, and the Baltic.
- echinococcosis, alveococcosis- in Moldova, in southern Ukraine, in the Caucasus.
There are more than one and a half hundred species of this parasite, but the most common are "only" about 35 species. Depending on the location of the parasite in the human body, the disease is classified as tissue and luminal.
Tissue parasites.
If their parasites and larvae are in the tissues of the human body, in the subcutaneous tissue, moving freely through the circulatory system or lymph, such diseases are called tissue diseases (schistosomiasis, echinococcosis).
Parasit lut.
If parasites are localized in the intestines or other internal cavities of the human body, then such diseases are called luminal (tapeworm, ringworm).
Parasites are also distinguished by their specific location (habitat) in a person, as their host.
External parasites.
This species is parasitic on the skin of the human body directly from the outside, they do not live inside the host, but use it only during feeding (mosquitoes, lice, fleas, lice, horses, moths, leeches). . .
Internal parasites (worms, worms, bacteria, fungi).
Parasites of this type have the following classifications:
- Flatworms (trematodes), in their structure, are free-living organisms or parasites symmetrical on both sides. The length of the trematodes ranges from 0. 1 mm to several meters, the body structure is mostly flattened, oval or more or less elongated; in parasitic form, it is equipped with organs attached to the "host" in the form of suckers, proboscis, hooks, etc. Representatives of flatworms are turbellaria, or ciliary worms; opisthorchiasis (feline fluke), planaria, hepatic fluke, clonorchus, fasciola, schistosome, pulmonary fluke.
- Worms (nematodes), parasites free living from this class live in bodies of salt and fresh water, soil. In most cases, their size is small, even microscopic, but among parasitic individuals there are also quite large, reaching a length of more than seven meters (cetacean helminth). Representatives of the most common round parasites of human parasites are ringworm, cream worm, whip worm, filaria, qualitilide, mine worm, trichinella, toxocara, rishta.
- Tapeworms (cestode, tapeworms),This category of helminths is distinguished by a body like a typical long ribbon (from a few millimeters to tens of meters). Cestodes - worms with elongated bodies, resembling ribbons, consisting of individual heads, necks and segments, distinguished by enormous fertility (some species are capable of producing up to 600 million eggs per year) - tapeworms of cattle and cattle, dwarf worms - wormscyclofilide; echinococcus, alveococcus, broad tapeworm, sheep brain.
- Bacteriosis. Bacteriosis is an infectious disease caused by various types of bacteria and parasites.
Bacteriosis is a fairly widespread diagnosis worldwide. Some bacteria are caused by bacteria of one type, others are caused by bacteria of several types. Representatives of these parasites are - leptospira, staphylococcus, streptococcus, shigella. - Mycoses- a disease caused by a parasitic fungus. More than 350 species of pathogenic fungi have been identified; they do parasites on humans, pets and wildlife, birds, insects, amphibians, fish and plants. The most well-known pathogens of mycoses are candida, cryptococcus, penicillin.
- Protozoa or parasitic protozoaare unicellular organisms that have a heterotrophic type of nutrition, i. e. , they are unable to produce the organic matter needed for their vital activity than the non-organic one. The result is their need for organic matter produced by other organisms (amuba, lamblia, coccidia, Trichomonas).
Sad facts about worms and other parasites:
- Chronic, including oncological diseasesin 80% of cases due to the influence of parasites (worms, fungi, protozoa).
- The causative agent of opisthorchiasisbelongs to the first group of carcinogens (causing cancer) - according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
- The number one biological enemy of humans is Trichomonas.Forming colonies in the walls of blood vessels, Trichomonas leads to the development of atherosclerosis with all its consequences.
- 1989 - Trichomonas property was discovered to turn ordinary cells into malignant cells.
- Parasitic diseases of the worldattack more than 4. 5 billion people, 9 out of 10 cases are worms, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).Every third inhabitant of Europe is infected with parasites (including worms)!
The incidence of parasitosis in frequency is comparable to the incidence of influenza.
Therefore, there are several ways for parasites to enter the human body:
- Food - lack of personal hygiene(through food, water, dirty hands) contaminated);
- Household contacts - creating external conditions for the active development of parasites(through household items, from infected family members, pets);
- Transmitted - no precautions(through blood-sucking insects);
- Percutaneus, or active - non-compliance with safety measures(in which parasitic larvae penetrate the skin or mucous membranes into the human body during contact with contaminated soil, while swimming in open water).